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| | Je to podobná emócia ako [[hanba]], okrem toho, že hanbu možno zažiť za čin známy len sebe. Rozpaky tiež obvykle prinášajú implikáciu obvinenia za čin, ktorý je len sociálne neakceptovateľný, skôr než morálne zlý. | | Je to podobná emócia ako [[hanba]], okrem toho, že hanbu možno zažiť za čin známy len sebe. Rozpaky tiež obvykle prinášajú implikáciu obvinenia za čin, ktorý je len sociálne neakceptovateľný, skôr než morálne zlý. |
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| − | == Causes ==
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| − | ===Personal embarrassment===
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| − | Embarrassment can be '''personal''', caused by unwanted attention to private matters or personal flaws or mishaps. Some causes of embarrassment stem from personal actions, such as being caught in a lie or in making a mistake, losing badly in a competition, being caught performing bodily functions such as [[flatulence]] or engaging in [[human sexual behavior|sex]]. In many cultures, being seen [[nude]] or inappropriately dressed is a particularly stressful form of embarrassment (see [[modesty#Body_modesty|modesty]]).
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| − | Personal embarrassment could also stem from the actions of others which place the embarrassed person in a socially awkward situation, such as having ones awkward baby pictures shown to friends, having someone make a derogatory comment about ones appearance or behavior, discovering one is the victim of [[gossip]], being rejected by another person (see also [[humiliation]]), being made the focus of attention (e.g. [[birthday]] celebrants, newlyweds), or even witnessing someone else's embarrassment.
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| − | Personal embarrassment is usually accompanied by some combination of [[blushing]], [[sweating]], [[nervousness]], [[stammer|stammering]], and fidgeting. Sometimes the embarrassed person will try to mask embarrassment with smiles or [[nervous laughter]], especially in etiquette situations.
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| − | ===Professional embarrassment===
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| − | Embarrassment can also be '''professional or official''', especially after statements expressing confidence in a stated course of action, or willful disregard for evidence. Embarrassment increases greatly in instances involving official duties or workplace facilities, large amounts of money or materials, or loss of human life. Examples of causes of include a government's failed public policy, exposure of corrupt practices or unethical behavior, a celebrity whose personal habits receive public scrutiny or face legal action, or officials caught in serious personally embarrassing situations. Even small errors or miscalculations can lead to significantly greater official embarrassment if it is discovered that there was willful disregard for evidence or directives involved (see [[Space Shuttle Challenger]]).
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| − | Not all official failures result in official embarrassment, even if the circumstances lead to some slight personal embarrassment for the people involved. For example, losing a close political election might cause some personal embarrasssment for the candidate but generally would be considered an honorable loss in the profession and thus not necessarily lead to professional embarrassment. Similarly, a scientist might be personally disappointed and embarrassed if one of his hypotheses was proven wrong, but would not normally suffer professional embarrassment as a result. By contrast, exposure of falsified data supporting a scientific claim (see [[Hwang Woo-Suk]]) would likely lead to professional embarrassment in the scientific community.
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| − | Professional or official embarrassment is often accompanied by public expressions of anger, denial of involvement, or attempts to minimize the consequences. Sometimes the embarrassed entity will issue press statements, remove or distance themselves from sub-level employees, attempt to carry on as if nothing happened, suffer income loss, emigrate, or completely vanish from public view.
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| − | ==Etymology==
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| − | The English word ''embarrassed'' has taken an unusual path into English. The first written usage of ''embarrass'' in English was in 1664 by [[Samuel Pepys]] in his diary. The word was derived from the French word ''embarrasser'', "to block," or "obstruct",<sup>[[#endnotes|1]]</sup> whose first recorded usage was by [[Michel de Montaigne]] in 1580. The French word was derived from the Spanish ''[[embarazar]],'' whose first recorded usage was in 1460 in ''Cancionero de Stúniga'' (Songbook of Stúniga) by [[Álvaro de Luna]].<sup>[[#endnotes|2]]</sup> The Spanish word comes from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''embaraçar'', which is a combination of the [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] ''em-'' (from Latin ''im-'' for "in-") with ''baraço'' or ''baraça'', "a noose", or "rope".<sup>[[#endnotes|3]]</sup> ''Baraça'' originated before the Romans began their conquest of thy [[Iberian Peninsula]] in 218 BC.<sup>[[#endnotes|4]]</sup> Thus, ''baraça'' could be related to the [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] word ''barr'', "tuft." (Celtic people actually settled much of Spain and Portugal beginning in the 700s BC, the second group of people to do so.)<sup>[[#endnotes|5]]</sup> However, it certainly is not directly derived from it, as the substitution of ''r'' for ''rr'' in [[Iberian Romance languages|Ibero-Romantic]] languages was not a known occurrence.
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| − | Some say the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word actually came from the Italian ''imbarazzare'', from ''imbarazzo'', "obstacle" or "obstruction." That word came from ''imbarrare'', "to block," or "bar," which is a combination of ''in-'', "in" with ''barra'', "bar" (from the [[Vulgar Latin]] ''barra'', which is of unknown origin).<sup>[[#endnotes|6]]</sup> The problem with this theory is that the first known usage of the word in Italian was by [[Bernardo Davanzati]] (1529-1606), long after the word had entered Spanish.<sup>[[#endnotes|7]]</sup>
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| − | ==Pozrite aj== | + | |
| | *[[Skromnosť]] | | *[[Skromnosť]] |
| | *[[Poníženie]] | | *[[Poníženie]] |
| Riadok 33: |
Riadok 10: |
| | *[[Empatia]] | | *[[Empatia]] |
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| − | == Externé linky (anglicky)== | + | == Externé linky (anglicky)== |
| | *[http://www2.hawaii.edu/~sharkey/embarrassment/embarrassment_references.html Bibliography of Embarrassment Research] | | *[http://www2.hawaii.edu/~sharkey/embarrassment/embarrassment_references.html Bibliography of Embarrassment Research] |
| | *[http://www.thatsembarrassing.com Collection of Funny Embarrassing Stories] | | *[http://www.thatsembarrassing.com Collection of Funny Embarrassing Stories] |
